See nede in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedeles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "need"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "need"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "nede"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "need"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neid"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"nīed",
"nied#Old_English"
],
[
"nēad",
"nead#Old_English"
],
[
"*naudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudi"
],
[
"*naud",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naud"
],
[
"*naudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz"
],
[
"*naudaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudaz"
],
[
"nēod",
"neod#Old_English"
],
[
"*niudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niudi"
],
[
"*niudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niudiz"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:nīed",
"id": "need"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*neh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīed\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"nede\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"need\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"nede\" id=\"Middle_English:_need\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīed",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English nīed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English nīed",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*naudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *naudi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*naudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *naudiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēod"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēod",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*niudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *niudi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*niudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *niudiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:nīed",
"id": "need"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nīed, nēad, from Proto-West Germanic *naudi, *naud, from Proto-Germanic *naudiz, *naudaz; reinforced by Old English nēod, from Proto-West Germanic *niudi, from Proto-Germanic *niudiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nedes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ned",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "need",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neate",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "neot",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "node",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "neade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nied",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "niede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nyed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nyede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nethe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"form": "neod",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "noede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nude",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nedes"
},
"expansion": "nede (plural nedes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedeful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedefully"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedefulnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedelesly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "neden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nedynesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"An important action, business or task."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-~QSRdNbO",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 23 15 12 15 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 32 22 8 9 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 33 23 9 9 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"Sexual desire or cravings."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-lbvAMwMZ",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"Sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"craving",
"craving"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"(euphemistic) Sexual desire or cravings."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"Neccessary defecation or urination."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-fMDkVRe~",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"Neccessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"defecation",
"defecation"
],
[
"urination",
"urination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"(euphemistic) Neccessary defecation or urination."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"The lack or absence of something necessary."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-h2F0ZVur",
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 3 3 3 81 3 2 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Wealth",
"orig": "enm:Wealth",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"Poverty, destitution; lack of wealth."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-EahuEe7G",
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"Poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"destitution",
"destitution"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"wealth",
"wealth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"Compulsion; that which is compelled."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-Fw7OM6nb",
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"Compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"(Northern, rare) Compulsion; that which is compelled."
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Distress, trouble; a challenging situation."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-zmsoHz~n",
"links": [
[
"Distress",
"distress"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
"note": "from Old English nēad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnøːd(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "need"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neid"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"nīede",
"niede#Old_English"
],
[
"nede",
"nede#Middle_English:_need"
],
[
"-e",
"-e#Middle_English:_dative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "necessarily"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīede",
"t": "necessarily"
},
"expansion": "Old English nīede (“necessarily”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nede",
"3": "-e",
"id1": "need",
"id2": "dative",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "dative suffix",
"t1": "need"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -e (dative suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nīede (“necessarily”); By surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -e (dative suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ned",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neade",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "neode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
84
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
103,
114
]
],
"english": "[…] enjoying the time or place such unchaste behaviour might arise, and other precursors that you must necessarily avoid so you won't fall miserably into the great swamp.",
"ref": "c. 1225, Ancrene Ƿiſſe (MS. Corpus Christi 402), Ludlow, Shropshire, published c. 1235, folios 55, recto – 55, verso, lines 336-338; republished at Cambridge: Parker Library on the Web, 19 January 2018:",
"text": "[…] luuie tıde oðer ſtude foꝛte cumen ı ſƿuch keaft ⁊ oþre foꝛerıdleſ þe me mot nede foꝛbuhen. þe ı þe muchele fulðe nule fennılıche fallen.",
"translation": "[…] enjoying the time or place such unchaste behaviour might arise, and other precursors that you must necessarily avoid so you won't fall miserably into the great swamp.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Necessarily, inevitably; by necessity."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-adv-nr71teLB",
"links": [
[
"Necessarily",
"necessarily"
],
[
"inevitably",
"inevitably"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "nedes"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
"note": "from Old English nēade"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnøːd(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"nêt",
"net#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"neit",
"neit#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"nêden",
"neden#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rove"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "nêt",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German nêt",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Middle Low German nêt, neit, from nêden (“to rivet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*nedes",
"links": [
[
"*nedes",
"Reconstruction:Middle English/nedes"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "need",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nedes"
},
"expansion": "nede (plural *nedes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 10 15 11 9 9 9 6 22 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 21 15 4 5 5 4 28 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 3 25 19 3 3 3 2 34 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 23 17 4 4 4 3 33 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rove (copper washer which the end of a nail is clinched upon in boatbuilding)."
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-noun-3yPto5p7",
"links": [
[
"rove",
"rove"
],
[
"copper",
"copper#English"
],
[
"washer",
"washer#English"
],
[
"clinch",
"clinch#English"
],
[
"boatbuilding",
"boatbuilding#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A rove (copper washer which the end of a nail is clinched upon in boatbuilding)."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nedy"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Riding Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of nedy"
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-adj-GywdqZCu",
"links": [
[
"nedy",
"nedy#Middle_English"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Riding",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Riding) alternative form of nedy"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"etymology_number": "5",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to force",
"word": "neden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of neden (“to force”)"
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-verb-oHlz0ovo",
"links": [
[
"neden",
"neden#Middle_English:_to_force"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"etymology_number": "6",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to require",
"word": "neden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of neden (“to require”)"
],
"id": "en-nede-enm-verb-EqVCmMBi",
"links": [
[
"neden",
"neden#Middle_English:_to_require"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neh₂w-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nedeles"
},
{
"word": "nedely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "need"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "need"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "nede"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "need"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neid"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"nīed",
"nied#Old_English"
],
[
"nēad",
"nead#Old_English"
],
[
"*naudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudi"
],
[
"*naud",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naud"
],
[
"*naudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz"
],
[
"*naudaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudaz"
],
[
"nēod",
"neod#Old_English"
],
[
"*niudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niudi"
],
[
"*niudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niudiz"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:nīed",
"id": "need"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*neh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīed\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"nede\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"need\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"nede\" id=\"Middle_English:_need\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīed",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English nīed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English nīed",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*naudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *naudi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*naudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *naudiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēod"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēod",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*niudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *niudi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*niudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *niudiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:nīed",
"id": "need"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nīed, nēad, from Proto-West Germanic *naudi, *naud, from Proto-Germanic *naudiz, *naudaz; reinforced by Old English nēod, from Proto-West Germanic *niudi, from Proto-Germanic *niudiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nedes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ned",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "need",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neate",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "neot",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "node",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "neade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nied",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "niede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nyed",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nyede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nethe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"form": "neod",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "noede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nude",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nedes"
},
"expansion": "nede (plural nedes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nedeful"
},
{
"word": "nedefully"
},
{
"word": "nedefulnesse"
},
{
"word": "nedelesly"
},
{
"word": "nedely"
},
{
"word": "neden"
},
{
"word": "nedy"
},
{
"word": "nedynesse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"An important action, business or task."
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"Sexual desire or cravings."
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"Sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"craving",
"craving"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"(euphemistic) Sexual desire or cravings."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"Neccessary defecation or urination."
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"Neccessary",
"necessary"
],
[
"defecation",
"defecation"
],
[
"urination",
"urination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A need or requirement; that which is necessary:",
"(euphemistic) Neccessary defecation or urination."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"The lack or absence of something necessary."
],
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"necessary",
"necessary"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"Poverty, destitution; lack of wealth."
],
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"Poverty",
"poverty"
],
[
"destitution",
"destitution"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"wealth",
"wealth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Northern Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"Compulsion; that which is compelled."
],
"links": [
[
"Necessity",
"necessity"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"Compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Necessity, requirement; the state of needing:",
"(Northern, rare) Compulsion; that which is compelled."
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Distress, trouble; a challenging situation."
],
"links": [
[
"Distress",
"distress"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
"note": "from Old English nēad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnøːd(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "need"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neid"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"nīede",
"niede#Old_English"
],
[
"nede",
"nede#Middle_English:_need"
],
[
"-e",
"-e#Middle_English:_dative"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "necessarily"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nīede",
"t": "necessarily"
},
"expansion": "Old English nīede (“necessarily”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nede",
"3": "-e",
"id1": "need",
"id2": "dative",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "dative suffix",
"t1": "need"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -e (dative suffix)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nīede (“necessarily”); By surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -e (dative suffix)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ned",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neade",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "neode",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neid",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "nedes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
84
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
103,
114
]
],
"english": "[…] enjoying the time or place such unchaste behaviour might arise, and other precursors that you must necessarily avoid so you won't fall miserably into the great swamp.",
"ref": "c. 1225, Ancrene Ƿiſſe (MS. Corpus Christi 402), Ludlow, Shropshire, published c. 1235, folios 55, recto – 55, verso, lines 336-338; republished at Cambridge: Parker Library on the Web, 19 January 2018:",
"text": "[…] luuie tıde oðer ſtude foꝛte cumen ı ſƿuch keaft ⁊ oþre foꝛerıdleſ þe me mot nede foꝛbuhen. þe ı þe muchele fulðe nule fennılıche fallen.",
"translation": "[…] enjoying the time or place such unchaste behaviour might arise, and other precursors that you must necessarily avoid so you won't fall miserably into the great swamp.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Necessarily, inevitably; by necessity."
],
"links": [
[
"Necessarily",
"necessarily"
],
[
"inevitably",
"inevitably"
],
[
"necessity",
"necessity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɛ̝ːd(ə)/",
"note": "from Old English nēade"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnøːd(ə)/",
"note": "West Midland"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"nêt",
"net#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"neit",
"neit#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"nêden",
"neden#Middle_Low_German"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rove"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "nêt",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German nêt",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Middle Low German nêt, neit, from nêden (“to rivet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*nedes",
"links": [
[
"*nedes",
"Reconstruction:Middle English/nedes"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "need",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*nedes"
},
"expansion": "nede (plural *nedes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A rove (copper washer which the end of a nail is clinched upon in boatbuilding)."
],
"links": [
[
"rove",
"rove"
],
[
"copper",
"copper#English"
],
[
"washer",
"washer#English"
],
[
"clinch",
"clinch#English"
],
[
"boatbuilding",
"boatbuilding#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon) A rove (copper washer which the end of a nail is clinched upon in boatbuilding)."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːd(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nedy"
}
],
"categories": [
"West Riding Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of nedy"
],
"links": [
[
"nedy",
"nedy#Middle_English"
]
],
"qualifier": "West Riding",
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Riding) alternative form of nedy"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to force",
"word": "neden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of neden (“to force”)"
],
"links": [
[
"neden",
"neden#Middle_English:_to_force"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Wealth"
],
"etymology_number": "6",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "nede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to require",
"word": "neden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of neden (“to require”)"
],
"links": [
[
"neden",
"neden#Middle_English:_to_require"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nede"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nede meaning in Middle English (14.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ('plural',): '*nedes' in 'nede (plural *nedes)'",
"path": [
"nede"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "nede",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.